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23 51 00

Breechings, Chimneys and Stacks

Optimize HVAC Takeoffs with MLEstimation: Seamless Integration with MasterFormat Standards

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Draft-Induction Fans
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Vent Dampers
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Fabricated Breechings and Accessories
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Flue-Gas Filtration Equipment

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MasterFormat Division 23 51 00: Breechings, Chimneys, and Stacks

MasterFormat Division 23 51 00 covers the essential components for venting combustion gases in buildings: breechings, chimneys, and stacks. This section outlines the materials, installation methods, and best practices to ensure safe and efficient removal of harmful byproducts from furnaces, boilers, and other fuel-burning equipment.

What is a Breeching?

A breeching is a duct-like connector, typically made of steel or other high-temperature resistant materials, that conveys combustion gases from a furnace, boiler, or similar appliance to a chimney or stack. It acts as a bridge, channeling exhaust gases away from the equipment and towards the vertical exhaust system.

How Does a Breeching Work?

Breechings utilize the natural buoyancy of hot gases, which are lighter than air, to facilitate exhaust flow. As the hot gases rise from the combustion appliance, they create a pressure differential within the breeching, propelling the exhaust towards the chimney or stack. The slope and diameter of the breeching are crucial for maintaining proper draft and preventing backflow.

Where are Breechings Commonly Used?

Breechings find applications in various settings, including:

  • Commercial buildings with boilers and large furnaces
  • Industrial facilities with high-capacity heating systems
  • Power plants utilizing fossil fuels
  • Residential buildings with older, larger furnaces

What are Installation Best Practices for Breechings?

Proper breeching installation is paramount for safety and performance. Key best practices include:

  • Selecting appropriate materials like stainless steel or heavy-gauge galvanized steel for durability and corrosion resistance.
  • Ensuring proper sizing and sloping of the breeching to maintain adequate draft.
  • Using approved sealing methods and materials to prevent gas leaks.
  • Installing cleanout openings for inspection and maintenance.
  • Adhering to all local building codes and regulations.

What are the Top Manufacturers for Breechings?

While numerous manufacturers provide breechings, some leading names in the industry include:

  • Selkirk
  • Metal-Fab
  • Simpson Dura-Vent
  • Hart & Cooley

What is a Chimney?

A chimney is a vertical structure, typically made of masonry or metal, that provides a dedicated pathway for venting combustion gases from a fireplace, furnace, or other appliances to the atmosphere. It promotes natural draft by creating a pressure differential between the warm gases inside and the cooler air outside, drawing the exhaust upwards.

How Does a Chimney Work?

Chimneys leverage the principle of stack effect. As hot gases rise within the chimney, they create a lower pressure zone at the base. This pressure difference draws in fresh air from the combustion appliance, fueling the fire and further promoting the upward flow of exhaust gases. The height and diameter of the chimney are crucial factors in determining draft strength.

Where are Chimneys Commonly Used?

Chimneys are widely prevalent in both residential and commercial buildings, serving as exhaust systems for:

  • Fireplaces
  • Furnaces
  • Boilers
  • Wood-burning stoves

What are Installation Best Practices for Chimneys?

Installing a chimney correctly is vital for safety and longevity. Key best practices include:

  • Ensuring proper chimney height and location to promote optimal draft and prevent downdrafts.
  • Using appropriate materials like masonry bricks, metal liners, or prefabricated metal chimneys based on the application and fuel type.
  • Installing a chimney cap to prevent debris and animal intrusion.
  • Providing adequate clearance from combustible materials.
  • Following all applicable building codes and manufacturer's recommendations.

What are the Top Manufacturers for Chimneys?

The chimney manufacturing landscape is populated by reputable companies, including:

  • Heatilator
  • Security Chimneys International
  • Olympia Chimney Supply
  • Superior Chimney

What is a Stack?

In the context of MasterFormat Division 23 51 00, a stack often refers to a large-diameter, freestanding structure used to vent exhaust gases from industrial processes, power plants, or other large-scale combustion systems. Stacks are typically taller than chimneys due to the higher volume and velocity of exhaust they handle.

How Does a Stack Work?

Stacks operate on the same principle of stack effect as chimneys, but their immense size amplifies the pressure differential, creating a more powerful draft. The height and diameter of the stack are carefully engineered to ensure proper dispersion of exhaust gases into the atmosphere, minimizing ground-level pollution.

Where are Stacks Commonly Used?

Stacks are essential components in various industrial settings, including:

  • Power plants generating electricity from fossil fuels
  • Manufacturing facilities with large furnaces or boilers
  • Chemical processing plants
  • Oil refineries

What are Installation Best Practices for Stacks?

Stack installation is a complex undertaking requiring specialized expertise. Key considerations include:

  • Conducting extensive engineering analysis to determine optimal stack height, diameter, and location based on exhaust gas volume, temperature, and prevailing wind patterns.
  • Utilizing robust materials like reinforced concrete, steel, or specialized alloys to withstand high temperatures, corrosive gases, and wind loads.
  • Implementing comprehensive lightning protection systems.
  • Adhering to stringent environmental regulations regarding air quality and emissions.

What are the Top Manufacturers for Stacks?

Companies specializing in large-scale stack construction often possess extensive experience and engineering capabilities. Some prominent names include:

  • Hamon Research-Cottrell
  • Babcock & Wilcox
  • Clyde Bergemann
  • Mitsubishi Power

Conclusion

MasterFormat Division 23 51 00 encompasses the crucial systems responsible for safe and efficient exhaust venting in buildings. Whether it's a breeching connecting a furnace to a chimney, a chimney venting fireplace smoke, or a massive stack dispersing industrial emissions, understanding these components and their proper installation is essential for building safety, performance, and environmental responsibility.

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