MasterFormat 23 64 13 - Absorption Water Chillers

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MasterFormat Division 23 64 13: Absorption Water Chillers

MasterFormat Division 23 64 13 specifically covers absorption water chillers within the broader context of HVAC systems in construction specifications. These chillers offer an alternative cooling solution, particularly popular in applications where waste heat or steam is readily available. This article delves deeper into the world of absorption water chillers, exploring their functionality, applications, installation best practices, and leading manufacturers.

What is an Absorption Water Chiller?

An absorption water chiller is a cooling system that utilizes heat, typically from waste heat sources or steam, to power the refrigeration cycle instead of relying solely on electricity like conventional vapor-compression chillers. This characteristic makes them highly energy-efficient and environmentally friendly options for various cooling applications.

How Does an Absorption Water Chiller Work?

Unlike traditional chillers that use compressors, absorption chillers use an absorber, generator, pump, and evaporator to create chilled water. Here's a simplified breakdown:

Evaporation: Refrigerant liquid in the evaporator absorbs heat from water, causing it to evaporate and chill the water.
Absorption: The refrigerant vapor is absorbed by a solution in the absorber, creating heat.
Generation: The solution is heated in the generator, releasing the refrigerant vapor.
Condensation: The high-pressure refrigerant vapor condenses back into a liquid, releasing heat.
Expansion: The refrigerant liquid flows back to the evaporator, restarting the cycle.

Where are Absorption Water Chillers Commonly Used?

Absorption chillers are particularly well-suited for projects where waste heat or steam is readily available, such as:

Industrial facilities with process heat
Hospitals and universities with central steam systems
Commercial buildings using combined heat and power (CHP) systems
Solar thermal energy systems

What are Installation Best Practices for Absorption Water Chillers?

Proper installation is crucial for optimal performance and longevity. Here are some key best practices:

Engage qualified professionals: Hire experienced HVAC engineers and contractors specializing in absorption chiller installations.
Site selection: Choose a location with adequate ventilation, access for maintenance, and proper seismic and structural support.
Piping design and insulation: Ensure proper pipe sizing, layout, and insulation to minimize heat loss and optimize efficiency.
Control system integration: Integrate the chiller controls with the building management system for efficient operation and monitoring.
Commissioning and testing: Thoroughly test and commission the system to ensure it operates according to specifications.

What are the Top Manufacturers for Absorption Water Chillers?

Several reputable manufacturers specialize in absorption water chillers. Some of the industry leaders include:

Johnson Controls
Carrier
Trane
York (A Johnson Controls Company)
LG Electronics

Conclusion

Absorption water chillers offer a sustainable and efficient cooling solution, particularly in applications with access to waste heat or steam. By understanding their functionality, benefits, and installation considerations, project stakeholders can make informed decisions when choosing HVAC systems aligned with energy efficiency and environmental responsibility goals.

Absorption Water Chillers