Air-Cooled Centrifugal Water Chillers

MasterFormat Division 23 64 16.13: Air-Cooled Centrifugal Water Chillers

MasterFormat Division 23 64 16.13 specifically classifies air-cooled centrifugal water chillers within the broader category of HVAC (Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning) systems. These chillers are essential components in many commercial and industrial settings, providing chilled water for various applications.

What is an Air-Cooled Centrifugal Water Chiller?

An air-cooled centrifugal water chiller is a refrigeration system that uses air as its cooling medium to chill water. It utilizes a centrifugal compressor to circulate refrigerant, which absorbs heat from the water and releases it to the atmosphere. Unlike water-cooled chillers that use cooling towers, air-cooled versions rely on fans to draw air over a condenser coil for heat dissipation.

How Does an Air-Cooled Centrifugal Water Chiller Work?

Here's a breakdown of the operation:

1. Evaporation: Liquid refrigerant within the evaporator absorbs heat from the water circulating through it, causing the refrigerant to vaporize.
2. Compression: The centrifugal compressor draws in the low-pressure refrigerant vapor and compresses it to a high pressure and temperature.
3. Condensation: The hot, high-pressure refrigerant vapor flows into the condenser coil. Fans draw ambient air over the coil, cooling the refrigerant and causing it to condense back into a liquid.
4. Expansion: The high-pressure liquid refrigerant passes through an expansion valve, reducing its pressure and temperature.
5. Cycle Repeat: The cooled liquid refrigerant returns to the evaporator to absorb more heat, and the cycle repeats.

Where are Air-Cooled Centrifugal Water Chillers Commonly Used?

Air-cooled centrifugal chillers are well-suited for applications where water availability or water treatment is a concern. Some common uses include:

• Commercial buildings (office buildings, hotels, hospitals)
• Industrial facilities (manufacturing plants, data centers)
• Process cooling applications (plastics, pharmaceuticals)

Installation Best Practices for Air-Cooled Centrifugal Water Chillers

Proper installation is crucial for efficiency and longevity:

• Location: Choose a location with adequate clearance for airflow around the condenser coil. Avoid direct sunlight and proximity to heat sources.
• Foundation: Ensure a level, sturdy foundation to minimize vibration and ensure proper drainage of condensate.
• Piping: Use correctly sized piping and insulation to prevent heat loss and pressure drops in the chilled water system.
• Electrical: Follow all electrical codes and manufacturer's recommendations for wiring and grounding.
• Commissioning: Have the system professionally commissioned to verify proper refrigerant charge, airflow, and system controls.

Top Manufacturers for Air-Cooled Centrifugal Water Chillers

The industry includes several reputable manufacturers known for quality and reliability:

• Trane
• Carrier
• York
• McQuay
• Daikin

Conclusion

Air-cooled centrifugal water chillers are vital components in modern HVAC systems, offering efficient cooling solutions for a wide range of applications. By understanding their operation, installation best practices, and leading manufacturers, building owners and facility managers can make informed decisions to optimize cooling performance and energy efficiency. Remember to consult with qualified HVAC professionals for system design, selection, and installation.