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23 71 19.16

External Ice-on-Coil Thermal Storage

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MasterFormat Division 23 71 19.16: External Ice-on-Coil Thermal Storage

MasterFormat Division 23 71 19.16, "External Ice-on-Coil Thermal Storage," outlines specifications for a specific type of ice-based thermal energy storage system used in HVAC applications. This system, also known as an external melt ice-on-coil tank, offers an energy-efficient way to cool buildings by shifting cooling loads from peak to off-peak hours.

What is External Ice-on-Coil Thermal Storage?

External ice-on-coil thermal storage is a system that uses the latent heat of fusion of water to store cooling energy. It involves freezing water into ice during off-peak hours, typically at night when electricity rates are lower. This stored ice is then used to provide cooling during the day when electricity demand and costs are higher.

How Does External Ice-on-Coil Thermal Storage Work?

Here's a breakdown of the process:

  1. Charging (Ice Making): During off-peak hours, a refrigerant is circulated through a network of coils submerged in a water tank. The refrigerant absorbs heat from the water, causing it to freeze and form ice around the coils.
  2. Storage: The ice formed on the coils acts as a thermal battery, storing the cooling energy extracted from the water.
  3. Discharging: During peak cooling hours, the system reverses. Water from the building's chilled water loop is circulated through the ice-filled tank. The ice absorbs heat from the water, melting back into the tank. The cooled water is then distributed throughout the building for air conditioning.

Where is External Ice-on-Coil Thermal Storage Commonly Used?

This technology is particularly well-suited for buildings with high cooling loads and predictable occupancy patterns, such as:

  • Commercial office buildings
  • Hotels
  • Hospitals
  • Universities
  • Data centers

What are Installation Best Practices for External Ice-on-Coil Thermal Storage?

Proper installation is crucial for efficient and reliable operation. Key best practices include:

  • Proper Sizing: Accurately calculating the building's cooling load is essential for selecting a tank and coil system of the correct size.
  • Insulation: The storage tank must be well insulated to minimize heat gain from the surroundings, ensuring the ice lasts as long as possible.
  • Control System Integration: Integrating the ice-on-coil system with the building's overall HVAC control system is vital for seamless operation and optimization.
  • Regular Maintenance: Periodic inspections, cleaning, and maintenance of the coils, pumps, and controls are essential to ensure long-term performance.

What are the Top Manufacturers for External Ice-on-Coil Thermal Storage?

Several reputable manufacturers specialize in ice-based thermal storage solutions. Some of the industry leaders include:

  • CALMAC
  • EVAPCO
  • Baltimore Aircoil Company (BAC)
  • VIKING Cold Solutions
  • CryoThermics

Conclusion

External ice-on-coil thermal storage offers a sustainable and cost-effective way to address peak cooling demands in commercial buildings. By shifting energy consumption to off-peak hours, this technology reduces energy costs, eases strain on the power grid, and contributes to a smaller environmental footprint.

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